January 2025

Washington, D.C.—On January 20, 2025, President Donald J. Trump wasted no time in making his presence felt during his first day back in the White House. By 9 p.m., the newly sworn-in 47th President had signed an astonishing 80 executive orders, charting a bold and controversial course for his second term. Among the sweeping actions, Trump declared a national emergency at the U.S.-Mexico border, withdrew from the Paris Climate Agreement and the World Health Organization (WHO), and abolished birthright citizenship.

The sheer volume and scope of these orders have reignited discussions about the power of executive orders and their place in the U.S. government.

What Is an Executive Order?

An executive order is a powerful tool wielded by the President to manage the operations of the federal government. According to the American Bar Association, it is a signed, written, and published directive that carries the force of law, much like regulations issued by federal agencies. These orders are consecutively numbered and published in the Federal Register, the official daily record of federal government actions.

The authority to issue executive orders stems from Article II of the U.S. Constitution, which vests the President with executive power. Article II also outlines other presidential powers, such as serving as Commander-in-Chief and granting pardons.

While executive orders are primarily intended to streamline government operations, they can also address significant policy matters. For instance, proclamations—another form of presidential directive—are often used to declare holidays or observances, whereas administrative orders handle internal government operations.

How Do Executive Orders Work?

An executive order may take effect immediately or require time to implement, depending on whether federal agencies need to adopt supporting regulations. For example, in 2022, President Joe Biden issued an order instructing health agencies to protect abortion rights following the overturning of Roe v. Wade. Over subsequent months, regulations were introduced to align with the directive.

However, it’s essential to note that executive orders cannot create new laws. They are limited to executing existing laws and constitutional powers.

Can Executive Orders Be Challenged?

Although executive orders bypass Congressional approval, they are not immune to legal scrutiny. Orders perceived to overstep presidential authority or violate constitutional principles can be challenged in court.

A notable example is Trump’s controversial 2017 travel ban, which initially restricted entry from seven Muslim-majority countries. While portions of the order were blocked by lower courts, the U.S. Supreme Court ultimately upheld it in 2018.

Similarly, one of Trump’s Day 1 orders—establishing the Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE) led by Elon Musk—has already faced immediate lawsuits. Critics argue that the directive, which aims to slash government spending and workforce, could overreach presidential authority. Public interest groups, unions, and watchdog organizations filed legal challenges mere minutes after the announcement.

Congress also has the power to counter executive orders by passing legislation or withholding funds necessary for their implementation. However, such actions are subject to presidential veto, making it a challenging route.

The Historical Use of Executive Orders

Executive orders date back to the 18th century, with early examples issued by George Washington. The first formally numbered executive order came from President Abraham Lincoln in 1862, establishing a provisional court in Louisiana during the Civil War.

Every president except William Henry Harrison has issued executive orders, with Franklin D. Roosevelt holding the record at 3,721 orders during his four terms. Other prolific users include Woodrow Wilson (1,803) and Calvin Coolidge (1,203).

Trump’s Second Term: A Prelude to Controversy

Trump’s flurry of Day 1 actions highlights his intent to shape his presidency with decisive, unilateral measures. Supporters hail his rapid-fire orders as a testament to his leadership and determination to fulfill campaign promises. Critics, however, caution against the potential overreach of executive power, underscoring the need for checks and balances.

As the nation watches, Trump’s use of executive orders will undoubtedly remain a focal point of debate in the months and years ahead.

The world watches as Donald J. Trump prepares to return to the White House for his second term as the 47th President of the United States. Due to an unprecedented Arctic chill sweeping across the country, the swearing-in ceremony, originally planned for the Capitol’s outdoor platform, has been moved indoors to the U.S. Capitol Rotunda.

Trump shared the update on his social media platform, Truth Social, stating, “I don’t want to get people hurt due to an Arctic blast sweeping the Country.” The last-minute change is reminiscent of Ronald Reagan’s 1985 inauguration, where extreme cold also forced the ceremony inside.

Swearing-In Ceremony: What to Expect

The U.S. Capitol Rotunda has been prepared as the new venue for the swearing-in ceremony, ensuring the safety and comfort of attendees amid the frigid temperatures. President Joe Biden, members of Congress, and various dignitaries will witness the historic moment indoors.

While most ticket holders for the outdoor event will receive commemorative tickets, select sections may still gain entry, though details are yet to be confirmed. For the public, Capital One Arena in Washington, D.C., will open its doors for a LIVE viewing event of the ceremony.

The Parade: A Presidential Twist

In a break from tradition, the Presidential Parade will also take place indoors at Capital One Arena. After taking the oath, Trump announced plans to personally join the crowd at the arena, offering supporters a chance to celebrate his inauguration up close.

The parade’s usual route, stretching from the Capitol to the White House, will now transform into a localized indoor spectacle, featuring marching bands and participants from across the country.

Trump’s Busy Inauguration Schedule

Despite the Arctic blast, Trump has assured his supporters that other inaugural events will proceed as planned:

• A Sunday rally at Capital One Arena.
• Attendance at three inaugural balls on Monday night.

These events reflect Trump’s signature flair for grand celebrations and his commitment to engaging directly with his base.

The Xi Jinping Call: A Diplomatic Note

Adding to the excitement, Trump revealed details of a recent phone call with Chinese President Xi Jinping. He described the exchange as “a very good one for both China and the USA.” This early diplomatic outreach hints at potential developments in U.S.-China relations under Trump’s renewed leadership.

Travel and Refund Policies: What You Need to Know

Tickets for the inauguration were distributed free of charge, so no refunds are necessary. However, changes to travel and accommodation plans remain uncertain. Major airlines and hotel chains have yet to announce special policies for those altering their trips.

A Historic Inauguration Amid Challenges

This year’s inauguration marks a significant moment in U.S. history, as Trump becomes one of the few presidents to serve non-consecutive terms. Despite weather-related disruptions, his team has adapted swiftly, ensuring the celebration reflects the grandeur expected of such a historic event.

As Trump takes the oath of office, the nation and the world will watch with anticipation, witnessing the start of what promises to be another defining chapter in America’s political narrative.