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Cabinet Clears Draft Bill to Implement Women’s Reservation by 2029

by theparliamentnews.com
written by theparliamentnews.com
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The Union Cabinet has approved a draft amendment Bill aimed at operationalising the Women’s Reservation Act in time for the 2029 Lok Sabha elections.

The decision was taken at a Cabinet meeting chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. The proposed amendment seeks to revise the implementation framework of the Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam, formally known as the Constitution (106th Amendment) Act, which was passed in 2023.

Expansion of Lok Sabha Strength

A key provision in the proposal is the expansion of the Lok Sabha from its current strength of 543 seats to 816 seats. This increase will follow a fresh delimitation exercise aimed at redrawing constituency boundaries.

One-Third Reservation for Women

Out of the expanded House, approximately one-third of the seats 273 in total are proposed to be reserved for women. The reservation will also apply within Scheduled Caste (SC) and Scheduled Tribe (ST) categories, ensuring representation across different social groups.

Delimitation Based on 2011 Census

In a departure from earlier provisions, the government plans to conduct delimitation based on the 2011 Census data, instead of waiting for updated population figures from a future Census.

This move is intended to expedite the implementation of women’s reservation, which under the existing framework was linked to the completion of a new Census and subsequent delimitation exercise.

Next Steps in Parliament

The amendment Bill is expected to be introduced and taken up for discussion during the extended sittings of the Budget Session scheduled from April 16 to April 18.

The proposed changes mark a significant step toward operationalising women’s reservation in Parliament, with implementation targeted ahead of the next general elections in 2029.

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BlogFeaturedIndia

West Asia Crisis Raises Questions Over India ’s FY27 Growth Trajectory

by theparliamentnews.com
written by theparliamentnews.com
FY27 growth

India entered 2026 with strong economic momentum, supported by domestic consumption, infrastructure investment, and a stable macroeconomic environment. Growth projections for FY27 were initially placed near the 7% mark. However, escalating geopolitical tensions in West Asia have introduced new uncertainties, with recent estimates suggesting a possible moderation in growth.

Energy Dependence and External Vulnerability

A key factor influencing India’s economic outlook is its dependence on energy imports. A significant share of crude oil is sourced from West Asia, making the economy sensitive to disruptions in the region.

Instability linked to conflict or shipping risks in critical routes such as the Strait of Hormuz can lead to sharp increases in global oil prices. This, in turn, raises domestic fuel costs and contributes to inflationary pressures.

Impact on Consumption and Inflation

Higher fuel and energy costs tend to affect household spending patterns. As essential expenses increase, discretionary consumption may slow, impacting overall demand in the economy.

Rising inflation can also influence monetary policy decisions, potentially limiting the scope for interest rate adjustments aimed at supporting growth.

Pressure on Industry and Investment

Sectors such as transportation, logistics, aviation, and manufacturing are particularly sensitive to fuel price changes. Increased operational costs may affect profitability and pricing strategies.

At the same time, global uncertainty can lead to cautious investment behaviour. Companies may delay expansion plans, while foreign capital flows could moderate, affecting economic activity and job creation.

Financial Market Reactions

Geopolitical tensions often lead to volatility in financial markets. Movements in equity markets, currency exchange rates, and bond yields reflect shifting investor sentiment.

A weakening rupee can further increase the cost of imports, adding to inflationary pressures and complicating macroeconomic management.

Policy Considerations

In this environment, policymakers may need to balance growth and stability. Measures to manage inflation, support vulnerable sectors, and maintain fiscal discipline become increasingly important.

Options such as targeted fiscal support, strategic reserves, and diversification of energy sources may be considered to mitigate external risks.

Contextualising the Growth Outlook

Despite potential moderation, India’s growth remains comparatively strong among major economies. Structural factors, including a large domestic market, digital expansion, and continued public investment, provide resilience against external shocks.

The trajectory of growth will depend significantly on how the geopolitical situation evolves. A stabilisation in global energy markets could help restore confidence and support economic recovery.

Outlook Ahead

The current situation highlights the interconnected nature of global and domestic economies. External developments, particularly in energy markets, continue to play a significant role in shaping economic outcomes.

While risks have increased, the long-term fundamentals of the Indian economy remain intact. The coming months will be critical in determining whether the current challenges represent a short-term disruption or a more sustained shift in growth dynamics.

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BlogFeaturedIndiaIndia Parliament

Parliament Adjourned; Budget Session to Reconvene on April 16

by theparliamentnews.com
written by theparliamentnews.com
Lok Sabha

Both Houses of Parliament were adjourned on Thursday, with the ongoing Budget Session set to reconvene on April 16 after a scheduled recess.

Key Legislation Passed in Lok Sabha

The Lok Sabha passed the Central Armed Police Forces (General Administration) Bill, 2026, by voice vote. The legislation had earlier been approved by the Rajya Sabha.

The Bill outlines provisions related to deputation in senior ranks within Central Armed Police Forces (CAPFs). It mandates that 50% of posts at the rank of Inspector General be filled through deputation, while at least 67% of Additional Director General posts are to be filled in a similar manner. Positions at the ranks of Special Director General and Director General are to be filled entirely through deputation.

Rajya Sabha Clears Jan Vishwas Amendment Bill

The Rajya Sabha passed the Jan Vishwas (Amendment of Provisions) Bill by voice vote. The legislation proposes wide-ranging changes across multiple laws.

It aims to amend 784 provisions across 79 Central Acts administered by 23 ministries. Of these, 717 provisions are set to be decriminalised, while 67 provisions are to be modified, with the objective of improving regulatory compliance and facilitating ease of living.

Amaravati Recognised as Andhra Pradesh Capital

Parliament also passed a Bill recognising Amaravati as the sole and permanent capital of Andhra Pradesh. The Rajya Sabha approved the legislation by voice vote, with support from most political parties, while the YSR Congress Party opposed the measure.

Session to Reconvene for Constitutional Amendments

Union Parliamentary Affairs Minister Kiren Rijiju confirmed that the Budget Session would not be adjourned sine die but placed in recess.

He stated that Parliament would reconvene for a specific period to consider amendments related to the Constitution (One Hundred and Sixth Amendment) Act, commonly referred to as the Women’s Reservation Act, 2023.

Legislative Activity Continues

The session saw the passage of several key bills across both Houses, reflecting ongoing legislative activity on administrative reforms, governance frameworks, and policy implementation.

The reconvening of Parliament later in April is expected to focus on constitutional and legislative priorities currently under consideration.

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BlogFeaturedIndia

India Growth Outlook Faces Risks Amid West Asia Tensions

by theparliamentnews.com
written by theparliamentnews.com

India’s economic growth outlook for FY27 faces potential downside risks amid escalating geopolitical tensions in West Asia, according to Chief Economic Adviser V. Anantha Nageswaran.

In the Finance Ministry’s Monthly Economic Review for March, the CEA noted that the earlier GDP growth projection of 7–7.4% may be difficult to sustain under current global conditions. He indicated that clearer trends would emerge based on high-frequency data from April and May.

Impact of Rising Energy Prices

The conflict in West Asia has led to a sharp increase in crude oil prices, raising concerns about its impact on India’s import bill and overall economic stability. Higher energy costs are expected to influence domestic demand and may widen the current account deficit.

India’s crude basket price rose significantly in March compared to February, reflecting volatility in global energy markets.

Growth and Inflation Risks

The CEA highlighted that while moderate increases in crude prices may have a limited macroeconomic impact, sustained high prices could affect both growth and inflation.

He indicated that crude prices at elevated levels over multiple quarters could push inflation higher while reducing growth momentum. Global financial institutions have also begun revising India’s growth forecasts downward in response to evolving conditions.

Market Reactions and External Pressures

Financial markets have shown signs of stress amid the ongoing crisis. Foreign investment outflows, currency depreciation, and rising bond yields point to increased uncertainty.

The Indian rupee has weakened against the US dollar, while equity markets have recorded declines and borrowing costs have risen due to inflation concerns.

Key Transmission Channels

The CEA identified several channels through which the crisis could impact the Indian economy:

  • Disruptions in supply of oil, gas, fertilisers, and exports
  • Higher import costs
  • Increased logistics and transportation expenses
  • Potential decline in remittances from Indian workers in Gulf countries

These factors could collectively affect growth, inflation, fiscal balance, and the external account.

Policy Response and Fiscal Strategy

Nageswaran emphasised the need for calibrated policy responses to manage the evolving situation. He suggested prioritising support for vulnerable households and businesses while maintaining macroeconomic stability.

He also highlighted the importance of building strategic reserves and strengthening resilience in key sectors beyond energy.

Outlook and Uncertainty

While a ceasefire and restoration of normal shipping through critical routes like the Strait of Hormuz could improve the outlook, uncertainty remains around the timeline for recovery.

The CEA advised policymakers to plan for gradual normalisation rather than a rapid resolution, given the complexities of the situation.

Government Measures

Recent policy steps, including adjustments in fuel-related duties, aim to cushion the impact of rising global prices on domestic consumers. However, such measures may have implications for government revenues.

As global developments continue to unfold, India’s economic trajectory in FY27 will depend on both external conditions and domestic policy responses.

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BlogFeaturedIndiaIndia Parliament

Lok Sabha Clears Finance Bill 2026; Opposition Raises Concerns

by theparliamentnews.com
written by theparliamentnews.com
Finance Bill 2026 Passed in Lok Sabha

New Delhi: The Lok Sabha passed the Finance Bill, 2026, marking a key legislative step required to implement proposals outlined in the Union Budget for 2026–27.

Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman addressed the House during the discussion on the Bill, which was later approved through a voice vote. The legislation provides legal backing for changes in income tax rates, as well as revisions in customs and excise duties.

Opposition Raises Concerns

Several Opposition members opposed the introduction of the Bill, raising concerns over specific provisions. Among those who spoke against it were Manish Tewari, Sougata Ray, and T Sumathy.

They argued that certain provisions in the proposed legislation could weaken aspects of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) regulations. The government, however, proceeded with the passage of the Bill.

Protest Over LPG Supply Concerns

Outside Parliament, Opposition leaders staged a protest within the Parliament House complex over concerns related to a reported LPG supply crunch linked to the ongoing conflict in West Asia.

Leaders including Mallikarjun Kharge, Supriya Sule, Dharmendra Yadav, Sudama Prasad, T Sumathy, and Mahua Maji were among those present near the Makar Dwar during the demonstration.

All-Party Meeting on West Asia Crisis

Amid rising concerns over the geopolitical situation in West Asia, Union Home Minister Amit Shah is scheduled to chair an all-party meeting later in the day.

The meeting aims to brief political leaders on the evolving situation and its potential economic and security implications for India. The initiative follows remarks by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in both Houses of Parliament, where he described the situation as an unprecedented crisis with possible long-term effects.

The government’s outreach to political parties comes as global developments continue to influence energy markets and domestic supply concerns.

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BlogFeaturedIndia

Gudi Padwa 2026: Celebrating the Hindu New Year Across India

by theparliamentnews.com
written by theparliamentnews.com
Gudi Padwa 2026

Gudi Padwa, marking the beginning of the traditional Hindu New Year, is being observed across India in 2026 with cultural rituals and regional celebrations. The festival is primarily celebrated in Maharashtra, while similar observances take place in other parts of the country under different names.

The festival falls on the first day of the Chaitra month in the Hindu lunar calendar and is associated with the arrival of spring and the beginning of a new agricultural cycle.

One Festival, Multiple Regional Traditions

While known as Gudi Padwa in Maharashtra, the festival is observed across India with regional variations. In Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, and Telangana, it is celebrated as Ugadi or Yugadi. The Sindhi community marks the occasion as Cheti Chand, while it is observed as Navreh in Kashmir and Sajibu Nongma Panba in Manipur. In Goa and parts of the Konkan region, it is referred to as Samvatsar Padvo.

Despite differences in name and customs, these celebrations share a common theme of renewal and the start of a new year.

Cultural and Seasonal Significance

Gudi Padwa signifies the transition into spring and is linked to agricultural cycles in many regions. It is also associated with traditional beliefs about creation and renewal.

The festival is widely regarded as a time to begin new activities, set goals, and reflect on the past year. It carries cultural importance as an occasion for families and communities to come together.

Rituals and Observances

One of the central traditions of Gudi Padwa is the hoisting of the “Gudi,” a decorated structure placed outside homes. It typically consists of a bamboo stick draped with cloth, adorned with leaves and flowers, and topped with a vessel. The Gudi is considered a symbol of prosperity and positive beginnings.

Homes are cleaned and decorated, often with rangoli designs at entrances. People wear traditional attire, and prayers are offered as part of the celebrations.

In southern states, Ugadi celebrations include the preparation of a special dish that combines different flavours, symbolising various experiences of life.

Food and Festive Preparations

Food plays an important role in the observance of the festival. Traditional dishes prepared during Gudi Padwa include items such as sweet flatbreads, yogurt-based desserts, and festive meals shared within families.

In some traditions, mixtures combining bitter and sweet ingredients are consumed to reflect the varied nature of life experiences in the coming year.

Contemporary Celebrations

In recent years, the way the festival is observed has evolved alongside modern lifestyles. While traditional practices continue, people also share greetings through digital platforms and participate in virtual gatherings with family and friends.

There has also been a gradual shift towards environmentally conscious celebrations, with increased awareness around sustainable decorations and reduced waste.

Continuing Relevance

Gudi Padwa remains an important cultural observance that reflects India’s diversity while maintaining a shared sense of tradition. The festival continues to hold relevance as a symbol of renewal, community, and cultural continuity.

As the Hindu New Year begins, the festival serves as an occasion for reflection and the setting of new goals, while maintaining long-standing customs across generations.

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BlogFeaturedIndiaIndia ParliamentParliament

Lok Sabha Passes Appropriation Bill 2026 Amid Opposition Protests

by theparliamentnews.com
written by theparliamentnews.com
Lok Sabha Passes Appropriation Bill 2026

The Lok Sabha passed the Appropriation Bill 2026 following several adjournments triggered by protests from Opposition members. The Bill authorises the government to withdraw additional funds from the Consolidated Fund of India to meet expenditure for the financial year 2025–26.

The passage of the Bill came after the House approved the Supplementary Demands for Grants through a voice vote. These demands allow the government to seek additional financial allocations beyond the budget estimates for the ongoing financial year.

During the discussion, Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman announced the creation of an Economic Stabilisation Fund worth ₹1 lakh crore. The fund is intended to provide fiscal flexibility and enable the government to respond to global economic challenges that may affect the Indian economy.

According to the Finance Minister, the proposed fund will create fiscal space that can be used if global developments place pressure on economic stability. The initiative is aimed at strengthening the government’s capacity to manage economic risks arising from international developments.

Meanwhile, members of the Opposition coalition submitted a notice in both the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha seeking the removal of Chief Election Commissioner Gyanesh Kumar. The notice marks the first time such a proposal has been submitted in Parliament against a sitting Chief Election Commissioner.

The notice was signed by 130 Members of Parliament from the Lok Sabha and 63 members from the Rajya Sabha. It lists several allegations related to the conduct of the Chief Election Commissioner during his tenure.

The charges mentioned in the notice include claims of partisan conduct, discriminatory actions in office, obstruction of investigations related to electoral irregularities, and allegations of disenfranchisement of voters. The proposal seeks parliamentary consideration of these claims under the constitutional process governing the removal of an Election Commissioner.

Separately, the Lok Sabha also witnessed a heated exchange during the discussion on the supplementary demands for grants. Leader of Opposition Rahul Gandhi raised allegations concerning Union Minister Hardeep Singh Puri during his speech in the House.

The remarks led to a confrontation between Mr. Gandhi and Lok Sabha Speaker Om Birla, resulting in disruptions during the proceedings. The exchange contributed to repeated interruptions in the House before legislative business resumed.

Despite the disruptions, the government was able to complete the passage of the Appropriation Bill, allowing the authorised funds to be withdrawn for government expenditure for the financial year 2025–26.

The developments reflect continuing political disagreements between the government and Opposition parties during the current parliamentary session, with debates focusing on financial legislation as well as institutional issues raised by Opposition members.

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BlogFeaturedIndiaWorld

Energy Markets Tense As US Gives India Limited Russian Oil Waiver

by theparliamentnews.com
written by theparliamentnews.com
US Grants India 30-Day Waiver To Continue Buying Russian Oil

India has received a temporary waiver from the United States allowing its refiners to continue purchasing Russian crude oil for the next 30 days, as global energy markets face disruptions linked to escalating conflict in the Middle East.

The announcement was made on Friday by US Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent, who confirmed that the US Treasury Department had issued a special licence permitting Indian refiners to import Russian-origin crude oil already loaded on vessels.

According to the US Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC), the licence authorizes “the delivery and sale of crude oil and petroleum products of Russian Federation origin loaded on vessels as of March 5, 2026 to India.” The authorization will remain valid until the end of the day on April 3, 2026.

The waiver comes at a time when global energy markets are under pressure due to rising geopolitical tensions in the Middle East and supply disruptions affecting key oil-producing regions.

Temporary Measure To Stabilise Energy Markets

The US government described the move as a short-term step designed to ensure stability in the global oil market. Officials indicated that the waiver applies only to oil shipments that were already in transit or stranded at sea due to existing sanctions regimes.

In a statement posted on the social media platform X, Secretary Bessent said the measure would help maintain the flow of oil in international markets during a period of uncertainty.

He stated that the waiver was intentionally limited to 30 days and would not significantly benefit the Russian government financially, as it only covers cargoes that had already been loaded on vessels.

Bessent also highlighted the importance of the relationship between the United States and India, describing India as an “essential partner.” He added that Washington expects India to expand purchases of American oil in the future.

Impact Of Russia Sanctions

The development follows sanctions imposed by the United States last November targeting major Russian oil companies Lukoil and Rosneft as part of efforts to pressure Moscow over its invasion of Ukraine.

After the sanctions were introduced, India’s imports of Russian crude fell significantly. Industry data shows that in January 2026 India imported about 1.1 million barrels per day of Russian oil, the lowest level since November 2022.

Russia’s share in India’s overall oil imports dropped to 21.2 percent during that period. However, the share reportedly increased again to around 30 percent in February, indicating renewed reliance on discounted Russian supplies.

India has been one of the largest buyers of Russian oil since the Ukraine conflict began in 2022, benefiting from lower prices compared to other international suppliers.

Middle East Conflict Adds Pressure

The US waiver also comes amid growing instability in the Middle East, where ongoing military tensions have affected oil production and shipping routes.

Oil production across parts of the Gulf has been disrupted following strikes on major oil facilities. Among the installations reported to have been hit are Saudi Aramco’s Ras Tanura refinery in Saudi Arabia and Iraq’s Rumaila oil field, both considered significant contributors to global oil supply.

The situation has further intensified after Iran reportedly blocked the Strait of Hormuz, a critical maritime passage through which nearly 20 percent of the world’s oil supply passes.

The blockade has raised concerns among energy-importing countries, including India, about the security of global oil shipments and potential supply shortages.

Oil Prices Rise

The conflict involving the United States and Israel against Iran has also led to a rise in global oil prices. On Friday morning, Brent crude oil was trading at $83.07 per barrel, reflecting the growing uncertainty in global energy markets.

Despite the increase in international prices, government sources in India indicated that there are currently no plans to increase domestic petrol and diesel prices.

Energy Security Concerns

India, one of the world’s largest oil importers, relies heavily on overseas supplies to meet its energy needs. Any disruption in global supply chains can have a direct impact on fuel availability and economic stability.

The temporary waiver is expected to provide short-term relief to Indian refiners while global markets adjust to the evolving geopolitical situation.

Energy analysts note that the coming weeks will be important for determining whether the Strait of Hormuz remains open and whether further disruptions occur in the Middle East’s oil infrastructure.

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BlogFeaturedIndia

India and Canada Reset Ties with ‘Landmark’ Nuclear Energy Deal

by theparliamentnews.com
written by theparliamentnews.com
India and Canada Trade Deal

Narendra Modi and Mark Carney have announced a series of agreements including a 10-year nuclear energy deal following talks in New Delhi aimed at restoring relations after a period of sharp diplomatic tensions.

The two leaders also advanced cooperation in technology, critical minerals, space, defence, education and trade, signalling a broader reset in bilateral ties.

Nuclear Energy Partnership

Speaking after their meeting at Hyderabad House in Delhi, Modi described the civil nuclear agreement as a “landmark deal” that will ensure long-term uranium supply from Canada to India.

“In civil nuclear energy, we have reached a landmark deal for long-term uranium supply. We will also work together on small modular reactors and advanced reactors,” Modi said.

Carney said Canada is well positioned to help meet India’s growing energy demands and confirmed the launch of a new strategic energy partnership between the two countries.

Trade Deal Targeted by 2026

Both sides committed to finalising a long-pending comprehensive economic partnership agreement (CEPA).

Carney said they aim to conclude the deal by the end of 2026, while Modi set a bilateral trade target of $50bn.

The agreement has been discussed intermittently for nearly 15 years. Its conclusion would mark a major breakthrough as both nations seek to reduce exposure to US trade tariffs and diversify economic partnerships.

Rebuilding After Diplomatic Crisis

Relations between the two countries deteriorated in 2023 after then–Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau accused India of potential involvement in the killing of Hardeep Singh Nijjar on Canadian soil.

India strongly denied the allegations. Diplomatic relations nearly froze as both countries expelled diplomats and suspended visa services.

Canada’s spy agency later listed India among countries allegedly involved in foreign interference, alongside Russia, China and Iran. However, under Carney’s leadership, Ottawa has said it believes India is not currently linked to violent crimes or threats on Canadian territory.

Despite this, some Canadian lawmakers and members of the Sikh diaspora continue to raise concerns about interference.

Canadian Foreign Minister Anita Anand defended the government’s decision to re-engage with India, saying diplomatic dialogue was essential for progress, though she distanced herself from remarks by a senior official suggesting India had ceased all foreign interference activities.

The legal case against four men charged in Nijjar’s killing remains before Canadian courts.

Expanding Strategic Cooperation

During the Delhi talks, both leaders emphasised shared democratic values and strong people-to-people ties, noting Canada’s large Indian diaspora.

Modi described the two countries as “natural partners in technology and innovation”, announcing enhanced cooperation in:

  • Artificial intelligence
  • Supercomputing
  • Semiconductors
  • Renewable energy (including a jointly hosted summit)
  • Space and defence collaboration

Earlier in the trip, Carney met India’s External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar to discuss a “forward-looking partnership”.

Geopolitical Context

Analysts say the reset reflects shifting global dynamics. Canada is seeking to diversify trade and reduce vulnerability to US tariffs, while India aims to broaden its energy partnerships and decrease reliance on Russian imports.

Public opinion in Canada appears supportive of renewed engagement. A recent Angus Reid poll found that half of Canadians believe it is the right time to restore ties, with more respondents expressing favourable views of India than of the United States.

Carney’s four-day visit began in Mumbai, where he met business leaders to promote investment. After India, he is scheduled to travel to Australia and Japan as part of Canada’s broader Indo-Pacific diversification strategy.

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Rajya Sabha Elections on March 16: How the Process Works

by theparliamentnews.com
written by theparliamentnews.com

Elections to 37 seats of the Rajya Sabha will be conducted on March 16, 2026, across 10 States, according to the Election Commission of India. Polling will take place between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m., with counting scheduled to begin at 5 p.m. the same day.

The Rajya Sabha, or the Upper House of Parliament, is a permanent body and is not subject to dissolution. Instead, one-third of its members retire every two years, with each member serving a six-year term.

Composition of the Rajya Sabha

Under Article 80 of the Constitution of India, the Rajya Sabha can have a maximum strength of 250 members. Of these:

  • 238 members are elected representatives of the States and Union Territories with Legislative Assemblies (Delhi, Puducherry, and Jammu and Kashmir).
  • 12 members are nominated by the President of India for their special knowledge or practical experience in fields such as art, literature, science, and social service.

At present, the Rajya Sabha has 245 members.

How Are Rajya Sabha Members Elected?

Unlike Lok Sabha elections, where citizens vote directly, members of the Rajya Sabha are elected indirectly. The electorate consists of elected Members of Legislative Assemblies (MLAs) of the States and members of electoral colleges in eligible Union Territories.

MLAs vote to elect candidates to the Rajya Sabha based on the number of seats allocated to their State.

The 12 nominated members are appointed by the President of India and are not elected.

What Is the Voting System?

Rajya Sabha elections follow the system of Proportional Representation by means of a Single Transferable Vote (STV).

Under this system:

MLAs do not vote for just one candidate.

They are given a ballot paper listing all contesting candidates.

They rank the candidates in order of preference  first choice, second choice, third choice, and so on.

A candidate does not need to secure the highest number of votes overall. Instead, they must reach a specified “quota” of votes.

The quota is calculated based on:

  • The total number of MLAs voting.
  • The number of seats to be filled in that State.

This system ensures representation proportional to the strength of political parties in the State Assembly.

How Are Votes Counted?

The counting process follows multiple rounds:

Round 1:

All first-preference votes are counted. If a candidate meets or exceeds the required quota, they are declared elected.

Transfer of Surplus Votes:

If a candidate secures more votes than the quota, the surplus votes are transferred to other candidates based on the second preference marked on those ballots.

Elimination:

If seats remain unfilled and no candidate reaches the quota, the candidate with the lowest number of votes is eliminated. Their votes are redistributed according to the next preference indicated.

This process continues until all seats are filled.

The Open Ballot Rule

Rajya Sabha elections follow an “open ballot” system.

Under this rule:

  • MLAs belonging to political parties must show their marked ballot to their party’s authorised agent before casting it.
  • Failure to show the ballot, or showing it to an unauthorised person, leads to cancellation of the vote.
  • Independent MLAs are exempt from this requirement and may keep their vote secret.

The open ballot system was introduced to reduce cross-voting and ensure party discipline.

States Going to Polls

The 37 seats falling vacant in April 2026 are from the following States:

  • Maharashtra – 7 seats
  • Tamil Nadu – 6 seats
  • West Bengal – 5 seats
  • Bihar – 5 seats
  • Odisha – 4 seats
  • Assam – 3 seats
  • Telangana – 2 seats
  • Chhattisgarh – 2 seats
  • Haryana – 2 seats
  • Himachal Pradesh – 1 seat

The seats are scheduled to fall vacant on April 2 and April 9, 2026. The election notifications were issued on February 26, 2026.

Why Rajya Sabha Elections Matter

The Rajya Sabha plays a key role in reviewing legislation passed by the Lok Sabha and represents the interests of States in the federal structure. Because its members are elected by MLAs, the outcome of Rajya Sabha elections often reflects the political composition of State Assemblies.

As polling takes place on March 16, the results will indicate how current political alignments in the States are likely to shape the composition of the Upper House for the next six years.

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