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March 8, 2026: India delivered a dominant performance to defeat New Zealand in the final and lift their third ICC Men’s T20 World Cup trophy, marking another historic moment for Indian cricket. The much-anticipated final saw India display exceptional batting, disciplined bowling, and sharp fielding to outclass the Black Caps on the world stage.

Batting first, India set a strong foundation with an aggressive start from their top order. The opening pair played fearless cricket, putting pressure on New Zealand’s bowlers early in the innings. A series of powerful boundaries and quick running between the wickets helped India post a competitive total, with the middle order maintaining the momentum in the final overs.

In response, New Zealand struggled to build partnerships against India’s well-organized bowling attack. The Indian bowlers kept tight lines and lengths, picking up crucial wickets at regular intervals. Their disciplined performance restricted New Zealand’s scoring opportunities and steadily pushed the match in India’s favor.

India’s fielding also played a key role, with spectacular catches and sharp ground fielding preventing New Zealand from gaining momentum. As the match progressed, the pressure mounted on the New Zealand side, ultimately leading to India securing a convincing victory.

With this triumph, India has now claimed its third T20 World Cup title, further strengthening its legacy as one of the most successful teams in international cricket. Fans across the country celebrated the historic win, praising the team’s determination, teamwork, and outstanding performance throughout the tournament.

The victory adds another golden chapter to Indian cricket history and reflects the team’s growing dominance in the shortest format of the game.

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International Women's Day 2026

International Women’s Day is observed globally on March 8 each year to recognise the achievements of women and highlight ongoing efforts toward gender equality. The day is marked by governments, organisations, educational institutions, and communities through discussions, awareness campaigns, and initiatives aimed at advancing women’s rights and opportunities.

The observance provides an opportunity to reflect on progress made in areas such as education, healthcare, employment, and leadership while acknowledging challenges that continue to affect women in many parts of the world.

Origins of International Women’s Day

The origins of International Women’s Day date back to the early 20th century during a period of social and political movements advocating for labour rights and gender equality. One of the earliest recorded observances took place in 1909 in the United States, organised by labour groups advocating for better working conditions and voting rights for women.

In 1910, the idea of an international day dedicated to women was proposed at the International Socialist Women’s Conference in Copenhagen. The proposal aimed to create a global platform to advocate for women’s rights, including suffrage and equal working conditions.

International Women’s Day was first officially observed across several European countries in 1911. Decades later, the United Nations formally recognised the day in 1975, which was also declared International Women’s Year.

Why International Women’s Day Matters

International Women’s Day serves as both a celebration and a reminder. It recognises the contributions of women in areas such as science, politics, education, healthcare, business, and community leadership. At the same time, it highlights areas where gender gaps still exist.

Across the world, women have made significant progress in gaining access to education, participating in the workforce, and taking leadership roles in government and industry. However, many reports from international organisations show that challenges such as wage gaps, underrepresentation in decision-making positions, and barriers to economic opportunities remain.

The day therefore acts as a platform for governments, institutions, and advocacy groups to discuss policies and initiatives aimed at creating more inclusive and equitable societies.

Women’s Contributions Across Sectors

Women continue to play critical roles in shaping modern societies. In science and technology, women researchers and innovators contribute to developments in healthcare, artificial intelligence, and environmental sustainability.

In politics and governance, women leaders across various countries are participating in policymaking and decision-making processes that influence national and international policies.

In business and entrepreneurship, women-led companies and startups are contributing to economic growth and job creation. Many organisations have also introduced diversity and inclusion initiatives aimed at increasing women’s participation in leadership positions.

Women also continue to play important roles in education, healthcare, social work, and community development, often working at the frontlines of social and economic change.

Observance in India

In India, International Women’s Day is observed through a variety of programmes organised by government bodies, educational institutions, and social organisations. Events often include seminars, awareness campaigns, award ceremonies, and discussions on women’s empowerment.

Government initiatives related to education, entrepreneurship, financial inclusion, and healthcare are frequently highlighted during the observance. Educational institutions also organise activities that encourage discussions about gender equality, leadership, and opportunities for young women.

Across workplaces and organisations, the day is sometimes used to recognise the contributions of women professionals and to promote policies that support workplace equality and safety.

The Road Ahead

While progress has been made in many areas, experts and policymakers note that continued efforts are needed to address structural challenges affecting women globally. Improving access to education, ensuring equal opportunities in employment, and strengthening protections against discrimination remain important goals.

International Women’s Day therefore serves as a moment not only to recognise achievements but also to reinforce commitments toward gender equality.

As the world observes International Women’s Day 2026, discussions around inclusion, equal opportunities, and representation continue to shape policies and initiatives aimed at building more equitable societies.

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US Grants India 30-Day Waiver To Continue Buying Russian Oil

India has received a temporary waiver from the United States allowing its refiners to continue purchasing Russian crude oil for the next 30 days, as global energy markets face disruptions linked to escalating conflict in the Middle East.

The announcement was made on Friday by US Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent, who confirmed that the US Treasury Department had issued a special licence permitting Indian refiners to import Russian-origin crude oil already loaded on vessels.

According to the US Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC), the licence authorizes “the delivery and sale of crude oil and petroleum products of Russian Federation origin loaded on vessels as of March 5, 2026 to India.” The authorization will remain valid until the end of the day on April 3, 2026.

The waiver comes at a time when global energy markets are under pressure due to rising geopolitical tensions in the Middle East and supply disruptions affecting key oil-producing regions.

Temporary Measure To Stabilise Energy Markets

The US government described the move as a short-term step designed to ensure stability in the global oil market. Officials indicated that the waiver applies only to oil shipments that were already in transit or stranded at sea due to existing sanctions regimes.

In a statement posted on the social media platform X, Secretary Bessent said the measure would help maintain the flow of oil in international markets during a period of uncertainty.

He stated that the waiver was intentionally limited to 30 days and would not significantly benefit the Russian government financially, as it only covers cargoes that had already been loaded on vessels.

Bessent also highlighted the importance of the relationship between the United States and India, describing India as an “essential partner.” He added that Washington expects India to expand purchases of American oil in the future.

Impact Of Russia Sanctions

The development follows sanctions imposed by the United States last November targeting major Russian oil companies Lukoil and Rosneft as part of efforts to pressure Moscow over its invasion of Ukraine.

After the sanctions were introduced, India’s imports of Russian crude fell significantly. Industry data shows that in January 2026 India imported about 1.1 million barrels per day of Russian oil, the lowest level since November 2022.

Russia’s share in India’s overall oil imports dropped to 21.2 percent during that period. However, the share reportedly increased again to around 30 percent in February, indicating renewed reliance on discounted Russian supplies.

India has been one of the largest buyers of Russian oil since the Ukraine conflict began in 2022, benefiting from lower prices compared to other international suppliers.

Middle East Conflict Adds Pressure

The US waiver also comes amid growing instability in the Middle East, where ongoing military tensions have affected oil production and shipping routes.

Oil production across parts of the Gulf has been disrupted following strikes on major oil facilities. Among the installations reported to have been hit are Saudi Aramco’s Ras Tanura refinery in Saudi Arabia and Iraq’s Rumaila oil field, both considered significant contributors to global oil supply.

The situation has further intensified after Iran reportedly blocked the Strait of Hormuz, a critical maritime passage through which nearly 20 percent of the world’s oil supply passes.

The blockade has raised concerns among energy-importing countries, including India, about the security of global oil shipments and potential supply shortages.

Oil Prices Rise

The conflict involving the United States and Israel against Iran has also led to a rise in global oil prices. On Friday morning, Brent crude oil was trading at $83.07 per barrel, reflecting the growing uncertainty in global energy markets.

Despite the increase in international prices, government sources in India indicated that there are currently no plans to increase domestic petrol and diesel prices.

Energy Security Concerns

India, one of the world’s largest oil importers, relies heavily on overseas supplies to meet its energy needs. Any disruption in global supply chains can have a direct impact on fuel availability and economic stability.

The temporary waiver is expected to provide short-term relief to Indian refiners while global markets adjust to the evolving geopolitical situation.

Energy analysts note that the coming weeks will be important for determining whether the Strait of Hormuz remains open and whether further disruptions occur in the Middle East’s oil infrastructure.

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New Delhi: The World Environment Council (WEC) hosted the 3rd Environment Civilian Awards 2026, recognising changemakers across India and abroad for their contribution to environmental sustainability, climate action, and policy impact. Among the honoured recipients was the Surakshit Movement, which was conferred with the prestigious Public Policy Impact Award for its exemplary leadership in advancing sustainable governance.
The award acknowledges the Surakshit Movement’s commitment to integrating sustainability into public policy, shaping responsible governance practices, and driving measurable environmental and social impact. Their work sets a benchmark for institutions striving toward a resilient and sustainable future.

Surakshit Movement: Leadership Rooted in Purpose
Mr. Purvesh Gada, who leads the Surakshit Movement, expressed pride and gratitude on behalf of his team, noting that this recognition has further motivated them to work even harder in the field of public safety, policy, and sustainability. The award acts as a powerful encouragement for the team’s ongoing efforts to build safer and more sustainable communities.

The Surakshit Movement has become a strong voice in promoting responsible leadership, data-driven governance, and policy advocacy aligned with national sustainability priorities.

The Legacy of Surakshit Awards
The Surakshit Movement also drives the Surakshit Awards, an initiative dedicated to honouring outstanding contributions in corporate security, uniformed services, and safety management.
This platform is supported by:
• SymX – Presenting Partner
• PSP and ASIS – Knowledge Partners
• FSAI, GACS, WEC and CAPSI – Supporting Organizations
Growth of the Surakshit Awards has reached PAN India with events at Mumbai, Pune, Delhi and Hyderabad.
Mr. Sunil Bedlam and Mr. Mangesh Kate were present at the Occasion to receive the Award on behalf of the Surakshit Movement.

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Global Leaders Call for Measurable Sustainability Action Across Sectors

Mumbai, India – 3 March 2026 : The World Environment Council (WEC) successfully launched its 18 Global Environmental Development Goals (GEDGs) during a landmark International Online Conference by more than 250 registered participants from across the globe. The conference brought together leaders from corporates, universities, governments, research institutions, and civil society to advance structured and measurable sustainability implementation.

The conference was hosted by Mr. Puneet Trehan, who introduced WEC’s international presence and its India headquarters. He outlined the Council’s ongoing education and project initiatives, including ESG certification programs, CDP and GHG inventory training, sustainability capacity-building workshops, and upcoming global collaboration programs.

Official Launch of the 18 GEDGs : The 18 Global Environmental Development Goals were formally launched by Prof. Ganesh Channa, Founder and President of the World Environment Council. In his keynote address, Prof. Channa emphasized the need to move sustainability from discussion to implementation.

“The 18 Global Environmental Development Goals are designed to transform sustainability from commitment into measurable action. We must create frameworks that enable corporates, universities, and governments to collaborate with accountability and transparency,” said Prof. Ganesh Channa, Founder & President, World Environment Council.

He further highlighted the importance of cross-sector partnerships and encouraged global stakeholders to align strategy, governance, and environmental initiatives with measurable impact indicators under the GEDGs framework.

Global Perspectives and Expert Contributions : The conference featured expert insights from Prof. Hemlata, who shared perspectives on the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the importance of integrating global sustainability priorities into localized action plans.

“Global sustainability frameworks require localized ownership. Institutions must bridge policy commitments with grassroots implementation and measurable reporting,” said Prof. Hemlata during the session.

The event also included contributions from distinguished participants including Shalini Verma, Urmimala Chaoudary, Aron Charter, Shweta Singh, Awa Cham, Allan Victor, Pogar Spajani, Mumtaz Nohri, and Ramesh Chavan. Participants shared insights on ESG integration, community-driven climate action, research collaboration, governance models, and sustainable innovation.

Focus on Collaboration and Implementation : The conference introduced the GEDGs as a comprehensive sustainability framework addressing environmental protection, climate action, responsible governance, ESG alignment, and community resilience.

Mr. Puneet Trehan emphasized the role of international cooperation: “WEC’s platform is designed to connect global professionals and institutions to accelerate sustainability implementation. The GEDGs framework provides a structured pathway for collaboration and measurable progress.”

The event concluded with an open invitation to corporates, universities, policymakers, and industry leaders to join the GEDGs Global Network and participate in structured working groups for implementation.

About the World Environment Council (WEC) : The World Environment Council is an international sustainability organization committed to advancing environmental protection, ESG integration, climate action, and responsible governance through education, research, training, and collaborative global initiatives.

For media inquiries, partnerships, or collaboration opportunities:

Contact : Email: co*****@*****rg.in

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India and Canada Trade Deal

Narendra Modi and Mark Carney have announced a series of agreements including a 10-year nuclear energy deal following talks in New Delhi aimed at restoring relations after a period of sharp diplomatic tensions.

The two leaders also advanced cooperation in technology, critical minerals, space, defence, education and trade, signalling a broader reset in bilateral ties.

Nuclear Energy Partnership

Speaking after their meeting at Hyderabad House in Delhi, Modi described the civil nuclear agreement as a “landmark deal” that will ensure long-term uranium supply from Canada to India.

“In civil nuclear energy, we have reached a landmark deal for long-term uranium supply. We will also work together on small modular reactors and advanced reactors,” Modi said.

Carney said Canada is well positioned to help meet India’s growing energy demands and confirmed the launch of a new strategic energy partnership between the two countries.

Trade Deal Targeted by 2026

Both sides committed to finalising a long-pending comprehensive economic partnership agreement (CEPA).

Carney said they aim to conclude the deal by the end of 2026, while Modi set a bilateral trade target of $50bn.

The agreement has been discussed intermittently for nearly 15 years. Its conclusion would mark a major breakthrough as both nations seek to reduce exposure to US trade tariffs and diversify economic partnerships.

Rebuilding After Diplomatic Crisis

Relations between the two countries deteriorated in 2023 after then–Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau accused India of potential involvement in the killing of Hardeep Singh Nijjar on Canadian soil.

India strongly denied the allegations. Diplomatic relations nearly froze as both countries expelled diplomats and suspended visa services.

Canada’s spy agency later listed India among countries allegedly involved in foreign interference, alongside Russia, China and Iran. However, under Carney’s leadership, Ottawa has said it believes India is not currently linked to violent crimes or threats on Canadian territory.

Despite this, some Canadian lawmakers and members of the Sikh diaspora continue to raise concerns about interference.

Canadian Foreign Minister Anita Anand defended the government’s decision to re-engage with India, saying diplomatic dialogue was essential for progress, though she distanced herself from remarks by a senior official suggesting India had ceased all foreign interference activities.

The legal case against four men charged in Nijjar’s killing remains before Canadian courts.

Expanding Strategic Cooperation

During the Delhi talks, both leaders emphasised shared democratic values and strong people-to-people ties, noting Canada’s large Indian diaspora.

Modi described the two countries as “natural partners in technology and innovation”, announcing enhanced cooperation in:

  • Artificial intelligence
  • Supercomputing
  • Semiconductors
  • Renewable energy (including a jointly hosted summit)
  • Space and defence collaboration

Earlier in the trip, Carney met India’s External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar to discuss a “forward-looking partnership”.

Geopolitical Context

Analysts say the reset reflects shifting global dynamics. Canada is seeking to diversify trade and reduce vulnerability to US tariffs, while India aims to broaden its energy partnerships and decrease reliance on Russian imports.

Public opinion in Canada appears supportive of renewed engagement. A recent Angus Reid poll found that half of Canadians believe it is the right time to restore ties, with more respondents expressing favourable views of India than of the United States.

Carney’s four-day visit began in Mumbai, where he met business leaders to promote investment. After India, he is scheduled to travel to Australia and Japan as part of Canada’s broader Indo-Pacific diversification strategy.

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Iran

The reported killing of Ali Khamenei in an attack by United States and Israeli forces has drawn sharp responses from governments and international bodies, raising concerns about escalation and regional instability.

Iran stated it launched retaliatory strikes on Israel and US-linked assets in Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Bahrain, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Iraq and Oman. The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) pledged further action, claiming it targeted 27 bases in the Middle East where US troops are stationed.

Several countries in the region temporarily closed their airspace amid the exchange of attacks. A Gulf source indicated that foreign ministers of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)  comprising Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the UAE  would hold an emergency meeting via video conference.

Diplomats from the European Union’s 27 member states also convened urgent discussions after the United Nations Security Council met late on Saturday.

Below is a summary of key reactions.

Iran

President Masoud Pezeshkian described the killing as an “open declaration of war against Muslims”, particularly Shia communities. In a condolence message, he termed the event a major trial for the Islamic world and signalled continued resistance.

Israel

Israeli Defence Minister Israel Katz congratulated Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and the armed forces for the operation. In a public statement, Katz said Israel would continue to act “with full force”.

United States

US President Donald Trump confirmed the operation and warned Iran against further retaliation. In remarks posted on his social media platform, he cautioned that any additional strikes by Iran would prompt a strong response from Washington.

Russia

Russian President Vladimir Putin condemned the killing, calling it a violation of international law. In a message published by the Kremlin, he extended condolences to Iran and described Khamenei as an important figure in Russia–Iran relations.

China

China’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs said Beijing “strongly condemns” the killing, calling it a violation of Iran’s sovereignty and of the principles of the UN Charter. China urged an immediate halt to military operations.

European Union

EU foreign policy chief Kaja Kallas described the development as a defining moment in Iran’s history and said the bloc was consulting regional partners to explore de-escalation measures.

United Kingdom

UK Defence Secretary John Healey said the immediate priority was protecting British military personnel and civilians from potential retaliatory attacks.

Hamas

Hamas condemned the strike, describing it as a serious violation of Iran’s sovereignty and attributing responsibility to the US and Israel. The group called for action from Arab and Muslim states.

Yemen’s Houthis

The Houthi political leadership expressed condolences to Iran, characterising the strike as a breach of international norms and part of broader regional aggression.

North Korea

North Korea’s Foreign Ministry labelled the US–Israeli operation an “illegal act of aggression”, accusing Washington and its ally of violating sovereignty.

Pakistan

Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif expressed condolences and said Pakistan stood with the people of Iran during what he termed a period of grief.

Chad

Chadian President Mahamat Idriss Deby Itno conveyed sympathy to Iran and extended condolences over the killing.

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Military operations by the United States and Israel against Iran have marked the most serious escalation since the June 2025 war, despite multiple rounds of indirect negotiations over Tehran’s nuclear programme. The latest strikes followed stalled talks in Geneva and were met with missile and air responses from Iran across the region.

Military operations by the United States and Israel against Iran have significantly escalated tensions in West Asia, marking the most serious confrontation since the brief but intense June 2025 conflict.

The latest strikes came two days after high-level nuclear negotiations in Geneva, mediated by Oman, ended without a breakthrough. US President Donald Trump said Washington had launched a “major combat operation” aimed at eliminating threats from what he described as the Iranian regime.

Iran responded with missile and air strikes across the region, including in Israel, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates and Iraq. Israeli authorities stated that their operation targeted Iranian military and nuclear-linked infrastructure. Israel closed its airspace and imposed emergency measures, while several other countries in the region temporarily shut their airspace as a precaution.

Timeline of Escalation

Below is a timeline of key military and diplomatic developments leading up to the latest escalation:

June 13, 2025
Israel launches large-scale air strikes on Iranian nuclear and military facilities while US–Iran talks are ongoing. Within hours, Iran retaliates with extensive missile and drone attacks on Israeli cities.

June 22, 2025
The United States strikes Iranian nuclear sites at the Natanz Nuclear Facility, Fordow Fuel Enrichment Plant and Isfahan Nuclear Technology Center. President Trump says the operation significantly degraded Iran’s nuclear capabilities. Iranian officials acknowledge damage but maintain that the programme was not destroyed.

June 23, 2025
Iran fires missiles at the Al Udeid Air Base in Qatar, which hosts US troops. The missiles are intercepted, and no casualties are reported.

June 24, 2025
After 12 days of fighting, a US-brokered ceasefire between Iran and Israel takes effect. Iranian authorities report at least 610 fatalities within Iran, while Israel reports 28 deaths.

July 2, 2025
Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian signs legislation suspending cooperation with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). The law bars IAEA inspectors from accessing Iranian nuclear facilities unless authorised by Iran’s Supreme National Security Council.

Renewed Confrontation

The renewed US–Israel strikes signal a sharp deterioration in diplomatic efforts aimed at reviving nuclear negotiations. While talks had continued indirectly through mediators, the lack of progress in Geneva underscored persistent differences over Iran’s nuclear activities and oversight mechanisms.

Iran’s suspension of cooperation with the IAEA further complicated efforts to restore international monitoring arrangements. The latest military actions have now raised concerns of a broader regional conflict, particularly as retaliatory strikes extended beyond Israel to other countries in the Gulf region.

Airspace closures and heightened military readiness across multiple states indicate the scale of precautionary measures being taken.

As of now, there has been no confirmation of renewed ceasefire efforts or immediate diplomatic engagement following the latest round of strikes. Regional and international stakeholders are closely monitoring developments amid concerns over further escalation.

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India's GDP

India’s economic growth is expected to reach 7.6% in the financial year 2025–26, according to the second advance estimates of gross domestic product (GDP) released by the government on February 27, 2026. The revised figure is higher than the 7.4% projected in the first advance estimates issued in January, which were based on the older 2011–12 base year series.

The updated data series, presented by Statistics Secretary Saurabh Garg and Chief Economic Advisor V. Anantha Nageswaran, incorporates a revised base year of 2022–23 and includes new datasets to improve coverage, representativeness, and granularity.

Revisions to Recent Growth Data

Under the new series:

  • Growth for 2023–24 has been revised downward to 7.2% from 9.2% under the old series.
  • Growth for 2024–25 has been revised upward to 7.1% from the earlier estimate of 6.5%.
  • Growth for 2025–26 is projected at 7.6% under the second advance estimates.

The government also released third-quarter data for 2025–26 under the new series, showing growth at 7.8%, compared to 8.4% in the second quarter and 6.7% in the first quarter.

However, nominal GDP  which measures the size of the economy at current prices  has been revised downward for the three-year period from 2023–24 to 2025–26. This has implications for fiscal metrics that are calculated as a percentage of GDP.

Sectoral Growth Trends in FY26

According to the second advance estimates, growth patterns across sectors are mixed.

Secondary Sector:

The secondary sector is projected to grow at 9.5% in 2025–26, up from 7.3% in 2024–25. This expansion is largely driven by manufacturing, which is estimated to grow 12.5% compared to 8.3% in the previous year. Construction growth is expected to moderate slightly to 6.9% from 7.1%.

Primary Sector:

The primary sector is expected to slow significantly, with growth projected at 2.8% in 2025–26, down from 5% in 2024–25. Agricultural growth is estimated to ease to 2.5% from 4.3%, while mining and quarrying growth is projected to decline to 5% from 11.2%.

Tertiary Sector:

The services sector is projected to accelerate to 8.9% growth in FY26, compared to 8.3% in the previous year. This improvement is supported by double-digit growth in trade, hotels, transport and communication (10.3%), as well as financial, real estate, IT and professional services (10%).

Impact on Fiscal Indicators

The revised data indicates that India’s nominal GDP is expected to be ₹345.47 lakh crore in 2025–26, around 3.3% lower than the figure estimated under the earlier series. Nominal GDP for 2023–24 and 2024–25 has also been revised downward by approximately 3.8% each.

Economists note that while the absolute fiscal deficit remains unchanged, a lower GDP base mechanically raises fiscal ratios.

D.K. Srivastava, Chief Policy Advisor at EY India, stated that since the fiscal deficit is calculated as a share of GDP, a smaller GDP base pushes the ratio higher. He indicated that the 2025–26 revised estimate (RE) fiscal deficit ratio would increase from 4.36% to 4.51% of GDP due to the updated series.

Similarly, Aditi Nayar observed that the fiscal deficit-to-GDP ratio for the previous year would likely be 15–20 basis points higher on average compared to earlier estimates.

The revised data also affects the government’s debt consolidation roadmap. The debt-to-GDP ratio is now projected at 57.5% for FY27, compared to the earlier budgeted estimate of 55.6%, an increase of 1.9 percentage points.

The government has set a medium-term target of reducing central government debt to 50% of GDP (plus or minus one percentage point) by 2031. A lower nominal GDP base implies that achieving this target may require a steeper fiscal consolidation path than previously anticipated.

Broader Implications

While the revised GDP growth estimate for 2025–26 reflects stronger real economic performance compared to earlier projections, the downward revision to nominal GDP alters the fiscal arithmetic.

The updated base year of 2022–23 is expected to provide a more contemporary and representative measure of India’s economic structure, particularly given structural changes in manufacturing, digital services, and formalisation in recent years.

However, the recalibration of fiscal ratios underscores how statistical revisions can influence perceptions of fiscal sustainability, even when underlying deficit numbers remain unchanged.

The government’s fiscal strategy in the coming years will need to balance growth support with adherence to its debt reduction commitments under the revised data framework.

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Elections to 37 seats of the Rajya Sabha will be conducted on March 16, 2026, across 10 States, according to the Election Commission of India. Polling will take place between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m., with counting scheduled to begin at 5 p.m. the same day.

The Rajya Sabha, or the Upper House of Parliament, is a permanent body and is not subject to dissolution. Instead, one-third of its members retire every two years, with each member serving a six-year term.

Composition of the Rajya Sabha

Under Article 80 of the Constitution of India, the Rajya Sabha can have a maximum strength of 250 members. Of these:

  • 238 members are elected representatives of the States and Union Territories with Legislative Assemblies (Delhi, Puducherry, and Jammu and Kashmir).
  • 12 members are nominated by the President of India for their special knowledge or practical experience in fields such as art, literature, science, and social service.

At present, the Rajya Sabha has 245 members.

How Are Rajya Sabha Members Elected?

Unlike Lok Sabha elections, where citizens vote directly, members of the Rajya Sabha are elected indirectly. The electorate consists of elected Members of Legislative Assemblies (MLAs) of the States and members of electoral colleges in eligible Union Territories.

MLAs vote to elect candidates to the Rajya Sabha based on the number of seats allocated to their State.

The 12 nominated members are appointed by the President of India and are not elected.

What Is the Voting System?

Rajya Sabha elections follow the system of Proportional Representation by means of a Single Transferable Vote (STV).

Under this system:

MLAs do not vote for just one candidate.

They are given a ballot paper listing all contesting candidates.

They rank the candidates in order of preference  first choice, second choice, third choice, and so on.

A candidate does not need to secure the highest number of votes overall. Instead, they must reach a specified “quota” of votes.

The quota is calculated based on:

  • The total number of MLAs voting.
  • The number of seats to be filled in that State.

This system ensures representation proportional to the strength of political parties in the State Assembly.

How Are Votes Counted?

The counting process follows multiple rounds:

Round 1:

All first-preference votes are counted. If a candidate meets or exceeds the required quota, they are declared elected.

Transfer of Surplus Votes:

If a candidate secures more votes than the quota, the surplus votes are transferred to other candidates based on the second preference marked on those ballots.

Elimination:

If seats remain unfilled and no candidate reaches the quota, the candidate with the lowest number of votes is eliminated. Their votes are redistributed according to the next preference indicated.

This process continues until all seats are filled.

The Open Ballot Rule

Rajya Sabha elections follow an “open ballot” system.

Under this rule:

  • MLAs belonging to political parties must show their marked ballot to their party’s authorised agent before casting it.
  • Failure to show the ballot, or showing it to an unauthorised person, leads to cancellation of the vote.
  • Independent MLAs are exempt from this requirement and may keep their vote secret.

The open ballot system was introduced to reduce cross-voting and ensure party discipline.

States Going to Polls

The 37 seats falling vacant in April 2026 are from the following States:

  • Maharashtra – 7 seats
  • Tamil Nadu – 6 seats
  • West Bengal – 5 seats
  • Bihar – 5 seats
  • Odisha – 4 seats
  • Assam – 3 seats
  • Telangana – 2 seats
  • Chhattisgarh – 2 seats
  • Haryana – 2 seats
  • Himachal Pradesh – 1 seat

The seats are scheduled to fall vacant on April 2 and April 9, 2026. The election notifications were issued on February 26, 2026.

Why Rajya Sabha Elections Matter

The Rajya Sabha plays a key role in reviewing legislation passed by the Lok Sabha and represents the interests of States in the federal structure. Because its members are elected by MLAs, the outcome of Rajya Sabha elections often reflects the political composition of State Assemblies.

As polling takes place on March 16, the results will indicate how current political alignments in the States are likely to shape the composition of the Upper House for the next six years.

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