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Silver prices surged to a record high in futures trade on Monday, crossing the ₹3 lakh per kilogram mark for the first time, supported by strong global cues and rising investor demand.

On the Multi Commodity Exchange (MCX), silver futures for March delivery jumped by ₹13,553, or 4.71%, to hit an all-time high of ₹3,01,315 per kilogram during the session.

The rally was mirrored in international markets. On global commodity exchanges, the March silver futures contract rose by $5.81, or 6.56%, to touch a record high of $94.35 per ounce.

Market analysts attributed the sharp rise to robust industrial demand for silver, particularly from sectors such as electronics, renewable energy, and manufacturing. A weaker US dollar also supported prices, making dollar-denominated commodities more attractive to investors.

Silver has been outperforming gold in recent sessions, as demand for the white metal remains strong amid expectations of continued industrial consumption and global economic adjustments. Analysts noted that silver’s dual role as both an industrial metal and a precious asset has contributed to heightened investor interest.

Market participants are closely watching global economic indicators, currency movements, and industrial demand trends for further cues on price direction.

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Trump Tariffs

US President Donald Trump has announced the imposition of 10 per cent tariffs on several European countries, including Denmark, the United Kingdom, and France, citing their opposition to his proposal for the United States to acquire Greenland.

In a post on his social media platform Truth Social, Trump said the tariffs would take effect from February 1 and warned that the rate would be increased to 25 per cent from June 1 if negotiations fail to result in what he described as the “complete and total purchase of Greenland” by the United States.

The announcement came a day after Trump warned that countries opposing his Greenland plan could face economic measures. He has repeatedly argued that Greenland is strategically important for US national security due to its mineral resources and Arctic location.

European leaders have rejected the proposal, stating that Greenland’s future can only be decided by Denmark and the people of Greenland. Denmark recently confirmed that it would strengthen its military presence in Greenland, working in coordination with allies.

The White House said the increased European military presence would not affect the US position. France’s Armed Forces Minister Alice Rufo described the developments as a sign that Europe was prepared to defend sovereignty.

Trump has justified his position by claiming that US control of Greenland is necessary to prevent the region from falling under the influence of China or Russia. Earlier this week, he said that any outcome short of US ownership was “unacceptable.”

Following meetings in Washington, Danish officials said the two governments remained in fundamental disagreement over Greenland’s future. Danish Foreign Minister Lars Løkke Rasmussen ruled out any US acquisition, stating that such a move would violate international law and infringe on sovereignty.

Greenland’s Prime Minister Jens-Frederik Nielsen reaffirmed the territory’s alignment with Denmark and Europe, saying Greenland would choose Denmark, NATO, and the European Union if forced to decide.

Public opposition has also grown in Denmark, where thousands of demonstrators marched in Copenhagen to support Greenland’s self-governance. Protesters carried signs stating “Greenland is not for sale” and “We shape our future.”

The dispute has added to diplomatic tensions between the United States and European allies, with no indication so far that negotiations will bridge the gap.

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IBSEA and World Environment Council

New Delhi: The International Business Startup and Entrepreneurs Association (IBSEA) and the World Environment Council (WEC) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on National Startup Day in New Delhi, marking a step toward promoting green entrepreneurship and sustainability-led innovation in India.

The MoU was signed at Laghu Udyog Bharti, with the collaboration aligned to the national vision of Viksit Bharat 2047. The partnership aims to integrate environmental sustainability into the growth of startups and micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs), with a focus on expanding outreach in Tier II and Tier III cities.

IBSEA, a national-level organisation operating through 21 specialised councils, works to support entrepreneurs, startups and MSMEs across sectors. The association focuses on capacity building, policy engagement and enabling inclusive economic development. The initiative is led by Dr. Anshuman Singh, Chairman of IBSEA, who has been actively involved in promoting entrepreneurship and startup ecosystems across the country.

The World Environment Council, represented by its Founder and President Prof. Ganesh Channa, brings expertise in environmental conservation, climate action, sustainability education and global environmental advocacy. Under the MoU, IBSEA and WEC will jointly promote green startups, sustainability-driven business models, ESG awareness, and entrepreneurship training programmes.

Addressing the gathering, Prof. Channa outlined WEC’s initiatives and stressed the role of startups in addressing environmental challenges. He highlighted the importance of responsible innovation, climate-conscious enterprises and youth-led sustainability initiatives in building a resilient economy.

The event was attended by entrepreneurs, industry representatives and stakeholders, including Dr. Ruhi Banergee and PVR Murthy, who have been associated with startup development and sustainability-focused initiatives.

According to both organisations, the collaboration will also encourage policy dialogue and awareness programmes aimed at aligning business growth with environmental responsibility. The partnership seeks to position startups as key contributors to India’s long-term development goals while supporting ecological stewardship.

The MoU reflects a broader effort to link entrepreneurship with sustainability as India moves toward its 2047 development vision.

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Maharashtra Municipal Elections

Polling for the Maharashtra municipal corporation elections concluded on Thursday, with the State Election Commission (SEC) releasing final voter turnout figures on Friday. Elections were held across 29 municipal corporations, recording an overall voter turnout of 54.77%, according to official data.

The SEC stated that Ichalkaranji registered the highest voter participation at 69.76%, while Mira Bhayandar reported the lowest turnout at 48.64%, highlighting variations in civic engagement across urban centres.

Among the major municipal corporations, Mumbai recorded a voter turnout of 52.94%, followed by Thane (55.59%), Nashik (56.67%), Pune (52.42%), and Nagpur (51.38%). Polling concluded peacefully across all corporations, with vote counting currently underway.

Turnout Across Municipal Corporations

According to the SEC, several mid-sized and smaller municipal corporations reported comparatively higher participation. Parbhani recorded a turnout of 65.99%, Kolhapur 66.53%, Ahilyanagar 64.67%, and Malegaon 64.08%. Other notable figures included Nanded-Waghala (61.37%), Jalna (61.16%), Sangli-Miraj-Kupwad (61.03%), and Latur (60.08%).

Turnout in urban industrial and suburban regions remained moderate. Pimpri-Chinchwad recorded 57.71%, Navi Mumbai 57.15%, Vasai-Virar 57.12%, and Panvel 55.67%. Civic bodies such as Ulhasnagar (52.10%), Bhiwandi-Nizampur (53.43%), and Solapur (53.02%) remained close to the state average.

Election officials noted that polling arrangements were completed without major disruptions, and security arrangements were in place across sensitive areas.

BJP Leads in Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation

Meanwhile, early results and trends released by the Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC) indicate that the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) has emerged as the single largest party so far, leading in 72 seats.

The Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray faction) is currently ahead in 60 seats, while the Shiv Sena led by Chief Minister Eknath Shinde is leading in 25 seats. The Indian National Congress has secured 19 seats.

Other parties have also made their presence felt. The All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen (AIMIM) has won 7 seats, followed by the Maharashtra Navnirman Sena (MNS) with 5 seats. The Nationalist Congress Party (NCP) has won 2 seats, while the NCP–Sharad Pawar faction has secured 1 seat. The Samajwadi Party has won 2 seats, with the remaining wards going to independents and smaller parties.

AIMIM’s performance was concentrated in eastern Mumbai, with five seats in Govandi and one seat in Chittanagar, according to BMC data.

Ward-wise Winners Announced

The BMC has officially released the list of winners for several wards. BJP candidates secured victories in wards including Ward 2 (Tejashvi Goshalkar), Ward 3 (Prakash Derekar), Ward 4 (Mangesh Pangare), Ward 9 (Shivanan Shetty), Ward 10 (Jitendra Patel), and Ward 23 (Shivkumar Jha), among others.

The Shiv Sena (UBT) won seats such as Ward 1 (Rekha Yadav), Ward 32 (Geeta Bhandari), Ward 53 (Jitender Valvi), and Ward 187 (Joseph Koli). Congress candidates were declared winners in Ward 33 (Kamarjha Siddique), Ward 90 (Tulip Miranda), Ward 183 (Asha Kale), and Ward 184 (Babbu Khan).

The MNS won Ward 38, while the Shiv Sena (Shinde faction) secured Ward 51.

Unopposed Candidates

Earlier, the SEC announced that 65 candidates were elected unopposed across 10 civic bodies in the state. Most of these candidates belonged to the BJP and the Shiv Sena led by Eknath Shinde. The declaration followed a review of official reports submitted by municipal commissioners.

Counting of votes continues across several municipal corporations, and final results are expected to be declared after the completion of all counting rounds.

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Makar Sankranti 2026

Makar Sankranti, also known as Uttarayana, Makara Sankranti, or simply Sankranti, is one of India’s most vibrant and auspicious festivals. Celebrated every year with immense joy and devotion, it marks the Sun’s transition into Capricorn (Makar Rashi), symbolizing the end of winter and the beginning of longer, warmer days.

In 2026, Makar Sankranti brings with it renewed hope, prosperity, and positivity, as farmers welcome a new agricultural season and families come together to celebrate abundance, gratitude, and unity.

Unlike many Indian festivals that follow the lunar calendar, Makar Sankranti is based on the solar cycle, making it one of the most consistent festivals, usually celebrated on January 14 or 15. This sacred transition of the Sun into the northern hemisphere, known as Uttarayana, is considered highly auspicious in Hindu tradition. It represents:

  • The victory of light over darkness
  • Knowledge over ignorance
  • Positivity over negativity
  • New beginnings and spiritual awakening
  • How Makar Sankranti Is Celebrated Across India
  • Makar Sankranti is celebrated in diverse ways across different regions:
  • Pongal in Tamil Nadu 🌾
  • Lohri in Punjab 🔥
  • Uttarayan in Gujarat with colorful kite flying 🪁
  • Magh Bihu in Assam 🌾
  • Khichdi Parv in Uttar Pradesh

Despite regional differences, the essence remains the same gratitude for nature, harvest, and life’s blessings.

Traditions and Rituals

  • Kite Flying: Filling the sky with vibrant colors, symbolizing freedom and joy
  • Holy Dips: Taking ritual baths in sacred rivers like the Ganga
  • Sesame & Jaggery Sweets: Tilgul, laddoos, chikkis signifying warmth, unity, and sweetness in relationships
  • Charity & Sharing: Donating food, clothes, and essentials to the needy

Why Sesame (Til) and Jaggery Are Important

The phrase “Til-gul ghya, god-god bola” beautifully captures the spirit of the festival take sweets and speak sweet words.

Sesame provides warmth during winter, while jaggery symbolizes sweetness, harmony, and goodwill.

Meaningful Makar Sankranti Wishes 2026

  • May this Makar Sankranti 2026 bring lasting peace, good health, and prosperity to your home, and may every new sunrise fill your life with hope and happiness.
  • As the Sun enters Makar Rashi, may your life move toward success, clarity, and positive growth in every direction. Happy Makar Sankranti!
  • May the warmth of the Sun God bless you with strength, wisdom, and the courage to overcome every challenge in the year ahead.
  • On this auspicious day of Uttarayana, may all negativity fade away and your life be filled with joy, harmony, and new opportunities.
  • May your hard work yield abundant results, just like a rich harvest, and may your days ahead be bright and fulfilling.
  • As kites rise high in the sky, may your dreams soar higher and your efforts lead you to great success. Wishing you a joyful Makar Sankranti 2026.
  • May sweetness of til and jaggery strengthen your relationships and fill your life with kindness, love, and understanding.
  • May this festival mark a fresh beginning, bringing stability to your career, happiness to your family, and peace to your heart.
  • With the Sun’s northward journey, may your life move toward prosperity, good fortune, and spiritual growth.
  • May Makar Sankranti bless you with good health, steady progress, and the fulfillment of your dreams throughout the year.
  • Wishing you and your loved ones a Makar Sankranti filled with laughter, togetherness, delicious sweets, and unforgettable memories.
  • May this sacred festival bring your family closer and your home overflow with warmth, respect, and happiness.
  • May every moment of Makar Sankranti strengthen bonds, spread smiles, and create beautiful memories with those you cherish.
  • May this Makar Sankranti inspire new goals, steady growth, and continued success in your professional journey.
  • Wishing you prosperity, progress, and positive outcomes in all your endeavors this Makar Sankranti 2026.
  • May this Makar Sankranti bring clarity, confidence, and consistent success into your life.
  • Wishing you a joyful Makar Sankranti filled with peace, purpose, and prosperity.
  • May the blessings of the Sun God guide you toward happiness and fulfillment this year.

Let this Makar Sankranti 2026 be a turning point where hope rises higher, efforts turn fruitful, and life moves toward lasting happiness. Happy Makar Sankranti!

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Optical Illusions

Our eyes often play tricks on us, but scientists have discovered that some artificial intelligence (AI) systems can fall for the same illusions and this is reshaping how we understand the human brain.

Take the Moon, for example. When it’s near the horizon, it appears larger than when it’s high in the sky, even though its actual size and the distance from Earth remain nearly constant. Optical illusions like this show that our perception doesn’t always match reality. While they are often seen as errors, illusions also reveal the clever shortcuts our brains use to focus on the most important aspects of our surroundings.

In reality, our brains only take in a “sip” of the visual world. Processing every detail would be overwhelming, so instead we focus on what’s most relevant. But what happens when a machine a synthetic mind powered by artificial intelligence encounters an optical illusion?

AI systems are designed to notice details humans often miss. This precision is why they can detect early signs of disease in medical scans. Yet, some deep neural networks (DNNs)the backbone of modern AI are surprisingly susceptible to the same visual tricks that fool us. This opens a new window into understanding how our own brains work.

“Using DNNs in illusion research allows us to simulate and analyze how the brain processes information and generates illusions,” says Eiji Watanabe, associate professor of neurophysiology at Japan’s National Institute for Basic Biology. Unlike human experiments, testing illusions on AI carries no ethical concerns.

No DNN, however, can experience all the illusions humans do. Although theories abound, the reasons we perceive certain illusions remain largely unexplained.

Studying people who don’t perceive illusions provides clues. For instance, one person who regained sight in his 40s after childhood blindness was not fooled by shape illusions like the Kanizsa square, where four circular fragments create the illusion of a square. Yet he could perceive motion illusions, such as the barber pole, where stripes seem to move upward on a rotating cylinder.

These observations suggest that our ability to detect motion is more robust than our perception of shapes perhaps because we process motion earlier in infancy, or because shape recognition is more influenced by experience.

Brain imaging, such as fMRI, has also shown which regions of the brain activate when we see illusions and how they interact. Still, perception is subjective. A famous example is the “dress” photo from 2015, which viewers argued over as blue-and-black or white-and-gold. Such differences make illusions difficult to study objectively.

Now AI offers a new approach. Many AI systems, including chatbots like ChatGPT, use DNNs composed of artificial neurons inspired by the human brain. Watanabe and his colleagues investigated whether a DNN could replicate how humans perceive motion illusions, such as the “rotating snakes” illusion a static pattern of colorful circles that appear to spin.

They used a DNN called PredNet, designed around the predictive coding theory. This theory suggests that the brain doesn’t simply process visual input passively. Instead, it predicts what it expects to see, then compares this to incoming sensory data, allowing faster perception. PredNet works similarly, predicting future video frames based on prior observations.

Trained on natural landscape videos, PredNet had never seen an optical illusion before. After processing about a million frames, it learned essential rules of visual perception including characteristics of moving objects. When shown the rotating snakes illusion, the AI was fooled just like humans, supporting the predictive coding theory.

Yet differences remain. Humans experience motion differently in their central and peripheral vision, but PredNet perceives all circles as moving simultaneously. This is likely because PredNet lacks attention mechanisms it cannot focus on a specific area like the human eye.

Even though AI can mimic some aspects of vision, no DNN fully experiences the range of human illusions. “ChatGPT may converse like a human, but its DNN works very differently from the brain,” Watanabe notes. Some researchers are even exploring quantum mechanics to better simulate human perception.

For example, the Necker cube, a famous ambiguous figure, can appear to flip between two orientations. Classical physics would suggest a fixed perception, but quantum-inspired models allow the system to “choose” one perspective over time. Ivan Maksymov in Australia developed a quantum-AI hybrid to simulate both the Necker cube and the Rubin vase, where a vase can also appear as two faces. The AI switched between interpretations like a human, with similar timing.

Maksymov clarifies that this doesn’t mean our brains are quantum; rather, quantum models can better capture certain aspects of decision-making, such as how the brain resolves ambiguity.

Such AI systems could also help us understand how perception changes in unusual environments. Astronauts on the International Space Station experience optical illusions differently. For instance, the Necker cube tends to favor one orientation on Earth, but in orbit, astronauts see both orientations equally. This may be because gravity helps our brains judge depth something that changes in free fall.

With the Universe holding so many wonders, astronauts and the rest of us will be glad to know there are ways to study when our eyes can be trusted.

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Stock market

Indian equity benchmarks staged a notable intraday comeback on Monday, snapping a streak of weakness as investor sentiment improved following comments on India-US trade engagement. Both the Sensex and the Nifty climbed off their session lows, aided by buying interest in heavyweight stocks and short-covering after last week’s sharp decline.

By early afternoon, the Sensex had erased nearly 900 points from its lows to trade near 83,751, while the Nifty recovered to around 25,747. The rebound came after markets slipped below key psychological levels earlier in the day.

Market participants cautioned that the recovery appears tactical rather than structural. Analysts noted that the bounce was largely fuelled by short-covering after indices slipped below the 25,500 mark on the Nifty.

Kranthi Bathini, Director of Equity Strategy at WealthMills Securities, said that aggressive selling in previous sessions had pushed markets into oversold territory, attracting bottom-fishing around key support zones. This, in turn, triggered short-covering in index heavyweights.

Investor mood also benefited from comments by US Ambassador to India Sergio Gor, who struck a positive note on ongoing trade discussions. Adding to optimism, Gor indicated that President Donald Trump could visit India within the next one to two years, raising hopes of improving bilateral ties.

This geopolitical undertone helped stabilize sentiment after five consecutive sessions of losses.

Despite the headline indices moving into positive territory, underlying market breadth remained weak  a signal that the rally lacks broad-based participation.

Across major indices, declining stocks significantly outnumbered advancers:

  • On the Nifty Midcap 100, nearly three-fourths of stocks were in the red
  • The Nifty 200 saw more than 120 stocks trading lower
  • In the Nifty 500, declines outpaced gains by nearly three to one
  • Similar weakness was visible across the BSE 200 and BSE 500 indices

This imbalance suggests that sellers continue to dominate beneath the surface, even as benchmarks attempt a recovery.

Technical analysts remain cautious. Ruchit Jain, Vice President at Motilal Oswal Financial Services, pointed out that short-term momentum indicators have slipped into oversold zones, typically leading to brief pullbacks like the one seen today.

However, he emphasized that the Nifty has recently broken below its 50-day exponential moving average  a key support level. For the rally to sustain, the index would need to reclaim and hold above this zone. Resistance is expected near the 25,900–26,000 range.

Adding to the cautious tone is the upcoming earnings season, particularly results from major IT companies such as TCS and HCL Tech. Ajit Mishra, Senior Vice-President (Research) at Religare Broking, noted that uncertainty around earnings may be prompting traders to book profits or reduce exposure.

He warned that the rebound should not be mistaken for a confirmed trend reversal, stressing that a sustained move above 25,600 is needed to validate any meaningful recovery.

The sharp intraday rebound comes after a punishing week for markets. Over the past five trading sessions, the Sensex has dropped more than 2,180 points, while the Nifty has shed over 645 points, reflecting persistent selling pressure.

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Doomsday Aircraft

A Boeing E-4 aircraft operated by the United States Air Force was spotted landing at Los Angeles International Airport on Thursday, quickly becoming a focal point of online discussion. The sighting gained traction after videos of the aircraft circulated on social media, with users questioning the timing and purpose of its arrival.

Often nicknamed the “Doomsday Plane,” the E-4 is designed to serve as a mobile command center for senior US leadership during extreme emergencies. Its presence outside of expected military bases naturally drew curiosity, particularly at a moment of heightened geopolitical uncertainty.

The E-4 fleet is built to maintain command and control of US forces in the event of a national crisis. Outfitted with hardened communications systems and extended flight endurance, the aircraft allows leaders to operate even if ground-based infrastructure is compromised.

Despite its dramatic reputation, aviation experts note that E-4 aircraft regularly conduct training missions, maintenance relocations, and logistical flights. These movements are part of routine readiness protocols and do not automatically signal a developing crisis.

As videos spread, online users began linking the aircraft’s appearance to global political developments, fueling speculation without supporting evidence. Posts ranged from measured curiosity to dramatic interpretations, reflecting how quickly military imagery can be misread in the absence of official context.

No verified information has emerged suggesting the flight was connected to an emergency response or a change in national alert status.

US authorities have not issued a public statement regarding the aircraft’s landing. However, there has been no indication from the White House or the US Air Force that the flight was anything other than a routine operation.

Military aviation analysts point out that large civilian airports are occasionally used for logistical or maintenance reasons, especially for specialized aircraft that require specific ground support.

Requests for clarification have been submitted to both the White House and the Air Force. As of publication, no response has been provided.

Why Such Sightings Capture Public Attention

The E-4’s rare public visibility, combined with its association with national emergency planning, makes it a magnet for speculation. In an era of instant video sharing and global anxiety, even standard military movements can take on exaggerated significance.

Experts caution against drawing conclusions from isolated sightings, emphasizing that readiness aircraft are designed to be active and mobile during peacetime precisely so they are effective during crises.

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Iran Protests

Iran has entered a period of deep unrest, with protests stretching across the country for nearly two weeks and posing the most serious challenge to the ruling establishment in years. What began as economic frustration has grown into a broader expression of public anger, cutting across cities, campuses, and social groups.

Demonstrations have now been reported in roughly 180 cities across all provinces, signalling a level of geographic spread rarely seen in recent years. Protesters have taken to streets, universities, and marketplaces, voicing grievances that go far beyond prices and wages.

Economic Pressure at the Heart of the Protests

The initial spark came from Iran’s worsening economic conditions. Inflation has surged, the national currency has sharply weakened, and basic goods have become unaffordable for many households. Shopkeepers in Tehran were among the first to strike, an unusual development given their traditional alignment with the political establishment.

As the protests gained momentum, the focus widened. Demonstrators began targeting governance failures, corruption, and long-standing political restrictions, transforming an economic protest into a national political moment.

Government Response and Escalating Tensions

Iranian authorities have responded with a heavy security presence. Thousands have reportedly been detained, including minors, and dozens of deaths have been recorded amid clashes between protesters and security forces. Officials have acknowledged injuries among police and paramilitary personnel.

A nationwide internet shutdown has further heightened tensions, cutting off communication channels used by protesters and journalists. Even satellite-based services, which had previously provided limited connectivity, appear to have been disrupted.

Trump’s Warnings Add an International Dimension

US President Donald Trump has publicly warned Iranian authorities against using lethal force, stating that the United States would respond strongly if protesters were killed. While ruling out ground intervention, he has suggested punitive measures that would target Iran’s vulnerabilities.

Trump’s remarks follow a period of increasingly assertive US foreign policy actions, and his comments have injected global attention into Iran’s internal crisis. Analysts believe these statements may embolden protesters while simultaneously restraining the government’s response.

Tehran Pushes Back, Blames External Forces

Iran’s leadership has rejected accusations of repression, instead blaming foreign interference for the unrest. Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei accused outside powers of exploiting economic grievances to destabilise the country, while officials have condemned US statements as provocative.

At the same time, the government has attempted limited outreach, acknowledging economic hardship and offering modest financial relief. Critics argue these steps fall far short of addressing structural economic failures.

Iran has experienced waves of mass protests before, most notably in 2009, 2019, and 2022. However, observers note a key difference this time: the protests are rooted in economic survival rather than a single social or political trigger.

The unrest has reached smaller cities that historically remained quiet, suggesting a deeper level of desperation. Analysts warn that economic-driven movements are harder to defuse, as there are fewer immediate concessions the government can realistically offer.

Iran’s exiled Crown Prince Reza Pahlavi has publicly encouraged protesters to maintain discipline and scale, calling for coordinated nationwide actions. His involvement has drawn mixed reactions but has undeniably added momentum to the movement.

Whether the protests can sustain themselves remains uncertain. Much will depend on the response of security forces, the resilience of protesters, and the regime’s ability to manage a crisis rooted in economic collapse rather than ideology.

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India encountered renewed diplomatic and economic pressure on January 8, 2026, following two major policy decisions announced by US President Donald Trump. The first involves Washington backing a sweeping sanctions Bill that proposes punitive tariffs of up to 500% on countries purchasing Russian oil. The second is the United States’ decision to withdraw from the India-led International Solar Alliance, a move that has wider implications for global climate cooperation.

Together, the announcements have placed India in a difficult position, balancing energy security, strategic autonomy, and its relationship with the United States.

At the heart of the pressure lies the Russia Sanctions Act, a bipartisan Bill with overwhelming support in the US Congress. The legislation empowers the US President to impose severe secondary tariffs on countries that continue to buy or resell Russian oil.

President Trump has publicly endorsed the Bill, describing it as a powerful tool to curb Russia’s war financing. Senior lawmakers backing the proposal have explicitly named India, alongside China and Brazil, as key targets of the sanctions framework.

With the Bill expected to come up for a vote soon, the threat of sharply higher tariffs has become increasingly real.

The timing of the announcements is significant. US Ambassador-designate Sergio Gor is scheduled to arrive in New Delhi on January 12, beginning his tenure as Ambassador and Special Envoy to South and Central Asia.

Mr. Gor has previously stated that ensuring India ends its purchases of Russian oil is among Washington’s top priorities. His arrival is widely seen as the beginning of a renewed diplomatic push to secure a complete halt to Indian imports of Russian crude.

There are indications that India has already begun adjusting its energy sourcing. Reliance Industries recently confirmed that it did not receive Russian oil cargoes at its Jamnagar refinery for much of December and does not expect deliveries in January.

While Indian public sector oil companies briefly increased imports in late 2025, constraints on other major buyers and growing external pressure suggest that Russian oil imports are unlikely to return to earlier levels.

India has faced similar situations before. During earlier US sanctions regimes, New Delhi had entirely phased out oil imports from Iran and Venezuela, demonstrating its ability to recalibrate under sustained pressure.

India’s evolving stance has drawn cautious approval from parts of Europe. During diplomatic engagements in Paris, senior European leaders publicly welcomed the reduction in India’s Russian oil imports, framing it as a step toward limiting Moscow’s war financing.

Notably, these remarks went unchallenged by Indian officials present, suggesting an awareness of the broader geopolitical expectations surrounding energy trade.

Adding to the strain, the United States announced its withdrawal from the International Solar Alliance, an organisation founded by India and France and headquartered in New Delhi. The alliance, with over 90 member countries, was created to accelerate global adoption of solar energy.

When the US joined the alliance in 2021, it was widely seen as a validation of India’s leadership in renewable energy diplomacy. Its exit, along with withdrawal from multiple climate-related international bodies, is now being viewed as a setback for multilateral climate action.

The US decision has sparked concern among climate advocates and policymakers alike. Walking away from global renewable platforms weakens collective efforts to address climate change and undermines confidence in international cooperation.

For India, which has positioned itself as a champion of clean energy and climate partnerships, the move complicates efforts to maintain momentum in global solar initiatives.

India now finds itself at the intersection of competing pressures: safeguarding affordable energy supplies, managing geopolitical alignments, and preserving leadership in renewable energy diplomacy.

How New Delhi responds in the coming weeks particularly during high-level engagements with the new US Ambassador will shape not just its energy policy, but its broader strategic positioning in an increasingly fragmented global order.

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